Method of and arrangement for stray elimination in radiocommunication



nated by thisl system, proving that these Patented Dee.' a, 1929 UNIT-sn ,STATESV Laissezl 2 "I n, Ol' NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOB T0 RADIO CORPORATION O AMERICA, A CORPORATION OF DELAWABLE m01) Ol' AND ABBANGmNT FOB STBAY ELIMINATION IN BADIOOOHIUN'I- l r CATION Mumien mea august 17, 192s. semi ne. 431,561.

The object of this invention is to provide a system of antennae (or collectors, as they will hereafter be called) and associated circuits, which may be utilized to take advantage of 5 the differences in the type of field due ton s trays and that due to the electromagnetic waves employed in radio communication.

' In a copending application Serial No. 657,860 filed of even date herewith, I have de- 3.0 scribed a system in which strays possessing only electric ields may be eliminated. In this same application I have also described my theory of the method whereby voltages are induced in the ordinary types of wave collec- 15.. tors. It was brought out. therein that a condenser antenna, or a low horizontal wire,

with vertical leads shielded, responds only to electric fields; Vwhile the ordinary type of vertical antenna responds to bothmagnetic 20 and electric fields in equal measure. On this assumption a. system of reception was developed which responded only to magnetic fields; and it was found, experimentally, that a considerable quantity ofthe strays were el1m1- strays were predominantly electric elds.

In the present application, these basic principles are further extended to include the elimination of strays havingl either electric 2. In strays, I believe that any magnetic i fields which exist are mainly due to rapidly changing electric fields near the receiving collector; hence the magnitude of these magnetic fields is dependent on the rate of change of the electric'e 'field may be regarded as 90 degrees out of phase with theelectric field producing it,'if

so this is periodic in nature. Even if a is not or magnetic fields; since it was found by exj as described as nearly as is practicable. ,n

4 is a shielded building, housing-'the red producing it, and the magnetic periodic, there is a 90 phasevdi'erence be-.

tweenV the oscillatory currents produced in a tuned receiving system by the electric field of a stray, and those produced by the magnetic field due to the rate of change of this same stray. In other words, the fields of a stray,

(electric and magnetic), arethose of a local, v

stationary field, while the fields of the signalling waves are those of a travelling wave.

The foregoing facts may be taken advantage of. in eliminating strays, by the system shown in the diagram of the figure.

Here, 1 is a collector for electric fields, that is, a condenser antenna or horizontal wire with its vertical portions shielded.

' 2j is a collector. for magnetic iields in the form ofa vertical antenna surrounded by a so-called Dieckmann or Faraday cage. The latter consists of squares or loops of wire, 3, placed atA intervals of a few feet `along the antenna and surrounding it', all being connected together aperiodically and to ground.v This arrangement prevents electric iields from reaching the antenna, but magnetic fields pass thru it readily. It has been described by M. Dieckmann, in Luftfahrt und Wissenschaft, volume l, 1912. An important advantage of this type of antenna is Athat it is non-directional. i These antenn may not be perfect in'responding solely to the electric or magnetic fields respectively. Undoubtedly, as the art progresses, they will be made more nearly so.

In the appended claims the terms which imply that antenna 1 collects energy only from the electric field, and that antenna 2 collects energy only from the magnetic field, are to be construed withsome latitude, the idea being that they are designed and intended to act mainder of the apparatus, with shielded leading-in conduits for the collectors.

fashion that voltages generated in them-by .y

- this coil. The magnetic field of the coil due to the signal is 90 out of phase with the signal wave electric iield; the magnetic field of the coil due to the stray is also 90 out of hase with the strays electric eld.

In collector 2, the magnetic. iields of signals and strays also cause currents to iiovv thru -its coil 6', and magnetic fields are also generated in this coil by these currents. The magnetic ield of the coil due to the signal magnetic iield is 180 out of phase with the latter, and therefore 90 out of phase' with the magnetic ield simultaneously'being produced by the signal in coil 6 of collector l. The magnetic field of the coil 6 of the antenna 2, produced by currents due to the magnetic ield of strays is similarly 180 out of phase with the latter, but is in phase with the magnetic field being produced simultaneousl in coil 6 of antenna-1 by currents due to t e electric elds of these same strays. These stra elds then balance out in circuit 7, 8, 7 leaving only signal currents.

In other words, what I have done -is tov produce currents in collector 2 by the mag- A netic field of the strays, which .is a consequence of a changing electric field and then reproduce this same magnetic field as a eld in coil 6 of collector 1 resulting from the rate of change of the electric `field af'- fecting collector 1. V

The arrangement shown is only one method whereby advantage may be taken of the principles outlined, and other methcds may be devised which will still be within the spirit of the invention as claimed inthe appended claims.

Having described my invention what I claimis as follows 1. A' method of stray elimination which consists in transforming the electric fields of signals and strays into magnetic fields,

` neutralizing the magnetic field produced by the electric field of the strays by a magnetic iield produced by the magnetic iield of the strays, and detecting the-magnetic field pro-v ducedby the electrlc ield ofthe signals.

2. A method of stray elimination which consists in transforming the electric fields of' signals and strays into magnetic fields, neutralizing the magnetic field produced by the electric iield of the strays by a magnetic field produced by the magnetic field of the strays, transforming the magnetic field of the signals into another magnetic field, and detecting the magnetic field `produced by the electric and `magnetic fields of the signals.

3. In combination, a collector of magnetic fields alone consisting of an antenna surrounded by a Faraday cage, a collector of electric fields alone', tuning means, means for detecting high frequency currents, and means for preventing responses to strays in the detecting system by causing current `from strays in one collector to be balanced by current from strays in the other collector.

4. In combination, a condenser antenna, a non-directional vertical antenna surrounded by means for shielding the latter from electric fields, said antennae being tuned tothe same frequency, a detecting system for electrical currents, and means for obtaining in the detecting system a response due to currents iiowin in both antennae.

5. In com ination, a horizontal antenna,

a vertical antenna enclosed in a grounded cage, said antennae bein tuned to the same frequency, a single radio signalling apparatus, and means for coupling both said antennae to said radio signalling apparatus.

v6. In combination, a horizontal antenna having a vertical lead, a grounded shield for the lead, a .vertical antenna shielded by a grounded cage and shield, coupling means for the antennae enclosed in a shielded" space, and communication means responsive to energy 1n the coupling means.

7. In combination, an antenna responsive solely to an electric field, an antenna shielded by a Faraday cage, a receiver, and means` to couple the antennae to one another and to the receiver.

v8. In combination, a grounded shield,

coupling means within the shield, antennae connections within the shield to said an! tennae, said antennae being disposed outside of said shield, one of said' antennae being horizontal, and the other of said antennae being surrounded by a grounded cage.

9. The method of neutralizing a4 stray composed of a varying electric field accom- Apanled byan out-of-phase magnetic eld Whlch consists in transforming energy solely from the strays electric field into a local magnetic field, slmultaneously transforming" energy solely from the strays magnetic field into a local magnetic field, and so adding the effects of the local magnetic fields that they neutralize one another.

without eliminating signalsl in a region where the electric and magnetic .components of the stray are out-of-phase and the electric and magnetic, components of the radiated. signal wave are -1n phase which consists in so combining-an effect caused sgflely by the electric components with an e ect caused solelyby the magnetic components that the phase relation of the eifectsof the electric 12o 10. The method of eliminating strays' and magnetic components of the stray aie in opposition, wherewith the phase relation of the effects of the electricoand magnetic components of the signal necessarily are not in opposition, and utilizing the unneutra1- ized eiect of the signal for communication..Y

JULIUS WEINBERGER.' 

